How to Sue Your Neighbor in Small Claims Court

Are you looking to sue your neighbor in a California small claims court?

In this article, learn about:

• Common types of small claims lawsuits between neighbors

• What to do before suing your neighbor in small claims

• The maximum amount you can sue your neighbor for in small claims court

• How much it costs to sue your neighbor in small claims.  

• How to file a small claims lawsuit against your neighbor.

• What to expect during a small claims hearing.

• Mediation as an option of resolving your dispute.

• Fun fact, lawyers are not allowed to represent you or your neighbor in small claims! This is to even the playing field so that each party has an equal chance of obtaining justice.  

‍

We often receive the question, can I sue my neighbor in California small claims? The answer is yes as long as the dispute is for $12,500 or less (more on this below). Disputes between neighbors are very common in small claims court. Here are some examples of small claims lawsuits between neighbors:

• Your neighbor's pipe burst and caused damage to your home. You can sue in small claims court if they refuse to pay for the damages to your home.

• Your neighbor's dog damaged your fence. You can sue in small claims court for the cost of a new fence or the cost to fix your fence.

• Your neighbor's tree damaged your property. You can sue in small claims court for the cost of fixing or replacing your damaged property. For example, if your neighbor's tree had a branch fall on your car.

• If you lent your neighbor money, you can sue them in small claims court if they failed to pay you back

• If your neighbor hit your car and you had to repair it, you can sue them in small claims court.

Reach Out to Your Neighbor

The first thing to do when a problem arises is to communicate with your neighbor. As neighbors, you have an ongoing relationship with each other and you will probably live next to each other for the foreseeable future.

You want to make sure your neighbor understands that they owe you money and how much they owe you. Most of the time they will agree to pay you all or most of what you are owed.  Have them try to step in your shoes so they understand how you feel as this may help them understand why you would like to be paid for the damages they have caused. Explain to them that you have obtained estimates to fix the damage so they know you are not coming up with an arbitrary number. If they don't pay you, then it might be time to escalate the situation.

Save All Evidence

You want to make sure to save all evidence related to your relationship with your neighbor. For example, you want to make sure to save:

• Any contracts, receipts, invoices.

• Written conversations you have had with your neighbor (text messages, emails, etc).

• Pictures of the damage caused.

• Any proof you have of how much they owe you and that you have notified them of the damage.

• If your neighbor agreed to pay you, include any evidence of when they were supposed to pay you and any partial payments they have made.

Send a Demand Letter

A demand letter is a letter that outlines a set of requests. For example, you could write to your neighbor to request reimbursement to fix the damage to your property and why you think they caused the damage to your property.

If you eventually decide to sue in California small claims court, you are required to first request your money or property back before you can file the lawsuit. While you can request your money or property back orally, it is suggested you do so in writing in the form of a demand letter.

It is very common to request reimbursement via text message or by phone but you may have a higher chance of receiving payment if you do it in the form of a letter. Letters are oftentimes taken more seriously than demands for payment via text message or phone.  

What to include in the demand letter?

Unsure of what to include in your demand letter to your neighbor? Here are a few suggestions:

• How much money you are owed.

• Why you are owed money.

• Your contact information.

• Where to send payment.

• Option to pay you using a payment plan.

• Option to mediate your dispute (there are many organizations in California that provide free or low-cost mediation and most courts also have free mediation available but many times you have to file a lawsuit in order to obtain access). More on mediation below.

• Give them a few days to respond (usually about 7 to 14 days).

• Let them know that if they don't respond, you intend to sue because you didn't feel like they left you with an alternative.

‍

If your neighbor owes you $12,500 or less, then you can sue in a California small claims court. If you are owed more than $12,500, you can still sue in small claims, but you agree to waive any additional amount you are owed.

Here is an example: It is going to cost $14,000 to fix the fence your neighbor damaged.  You would like to sue your neighbor in small claims but the limit is $12,500. You agree to sue for $12,500 only.

Why would someone agree to waive any amount over $12,500 that they are owed:

• Suing in regular court is more expensive, time-consuming, and complicated.

• You cannot hire an attorney to represent you in small claims court making it cheaper.

• Hearings in small claims court are scheduled 30-75 days after the lawsuit is filed.

How much it costs to sue your neighbor in small claims.  

• It costs between $30-$75 to file a small claims lawsuit against a neighbor.

• Once the lawsuit is filed, your neighbor has to be notified that a lawsuit has been filed against them. This is called serving. You can serve for free if you have a friend or family member deliver the lawsuit to your neighbor or you can pay between $40-$75 to have the lawsuit professionally served.

• If you are on California public benefits like Medi-cal, Food Stamps, SSI, you pay $0 in court fees and serving costs.

Use our interactive tool to learn more.

‍

Step 1: Complete "Plaintiff's Claim and Order to Go to Small Claims Court" (Form SC-100)

• This form starts the California Small Claims Court lawsuit process. Download here.

• It is also known as the "complaint" or "claim."

We can help you prepare and file your small claims lawsuit!

When thinking about who to sue:

• Make sure you sue the person who caused the damage to your property.

• If your neighbor's pipe bursts and caused damage to your property make sure you sue the person who is at fault (this may be the landlord, renters, or both).  

‍

Step 2: File "Plaintiff's Claim and Order to Go to Small Claims Court"

Each California Small Claims Court has a different procedure for filing. You have to check with your local small claims court whether they allow filing in-person, by mail, online, or by fax. Or we can file your case for you!

Step 3: Serve your neighbor

Once you file your California small claims court lawsuit, the next step is to notify your neighbor that they have been sued. This is called "service of process" (also known as "service"). You must serve your neighbor at least 15-20 days before the small claims court hearing (sometimes you are required to serve at least 30 days before the hearing).  There are several ways you can serve your neighbor including by having a friend serve, hiring a process server, or hiring the sheriff. You cannot serve your own lawsuit. We can help you with serving the small claims lawsuit.

Once you file your small claims lawsuit, you will get a hearing date scheduled anywhere between 30-70 days later. During this time, your neighbor may call you to try and settle the case. If you come to an agreement, you can close your small claims lawsuit.

To prepare for your small claims court hearing:  

• Research the law. If you are unsure about what laws relate to your lawsuit, consult an attorney or conduct your own research about the law (a quick Google search goes a long way). Remember, you don't need to necessarily cite a specific law (unless you are basing your legal theories on a very unknown subject area), you just need to be able to prove that you are "right" and your neighbor is "wrong." Sometimes this can be as simple as proving that your neighbor caused damage to property that belongs to you.  

• Prepare your evidence. Pictures, receipts, etc. You want to have your evidence organized with titles, dates, and why that piece of evidence is important. All your evidence should be geared towards showing the judge why you should win. Remember, it is not good to show up to court without any documents or receipts. The judge wants to be able to base their decision on the evidence you bring to court showing exactly how much you are owed and why you are owed money.

• Prepare what to say. During the hearing, the judge will ask you why you are suing your neighbor and how you calculated the amount you are owed. You want to make sure you start with a broad statement like this: "Your honor, I am suing my neighbor in small claims court today because they damaged my fence and it will cost me $10,000 to fix it." Then go into the details.

• Get your receipts for costs ready. For example, your filing fees and any process server costs. Make sure to let the judge know that you would like to be reimbursed for these costs.

• Print enough copies of all your evidence. You will need at least three copies of your evidence (one for you, one for the judge, one for your neighbor).

Are attorneys allowed in small claims court?

• Attorneys are not allowed to represent you or your neighbor at the initial hearing. If your neighbor loses the small claims lawsuit and appeals (meaning they lost and want the judge to decide again) then attorneys are allowed to represent the parties at the appeal hearing.

Mediation as an option of resolving your dispute

What is mediation?

Mediation is a meeting between you, your neighbor, and a neutral 3rd party called the mediator. A mediator is not going to decide who should win but rather help you and your neighbor come to a mutually satisfactory agreement. Mediation tends to be very successful between neighbors as you have a longstanding relationship and a relationship that will likely continue for the foreseeable future. If you reach an agreement during mediation, you will be able to close your lawsuit.

How can I try to mediate the dispute with my neighbor?

In California, there are many organizations that provide free or low-cost mediation. Run a google search for "mediation near me" and you will find one of the many organizations providing mediation. Many times they are run by volunteer mediators.

Many California small claims courts also have free mediation available. Each county runs their small claims mediation a bit differently so reach out to us for more information on your court. You can either obtain free mediation on your hearing date or you may be able to request mediation before your hearing date.

‍